Abstract
The direct magnetoelectric (ME) effect is investigated in a planar structure comprising mechanically coupled layers of a magnetostrictive fibrous composite (MFC) and a piezoelectric ceramics (lead zirconate titanate, PZT). The MFC is an array of Ni-wires with a diameter of 200 μm that are aligned parallel to each other in a single layer. The wires are separated by a distance of 250 or 500 μm and fixed in a polyamide matrix. The structure was placed in a tangential constant field H and was excited by an alternating magnetic field h parallel to H, while the voltage generated by the PZT layer was measured. The resulting field dependences of the magnetization M(H) and the magnetostriction λ(H) were determined by the orientation of the field H in the plane of the structure and the distance between the Ni-wires. The ME coupling coefficient of the structure decreased from 4.8 to 0.25 V/A when the orientation of H was changed from parallel to perpendicular to Ni-wires. With an increase in the excitation field amplitude h, a nonlinear ME effect in the output voltage, namely frequency doubling, was observed. The frequency and field dependences of the efficiency of the ME transduction in the MFC-piezoelectric heterostructure are well described by the existing theory.
Highlights
Magnetoelectric (ME) effects in composite heterostructures consisting of mechanically coupled ferromagnetic (FM) and piezoelectric (PE) layers have been intensively investigated because of their promising applications in highly sensitive magnetic field sensors [1], electrically controlled devices for radio signals processing [2], and self-sufficient sources of electrical energy [3]
Effect leads to the generation of an alternating electric field e in the PE layer of the structure under the influence of an alternating magnetic field h, while the converse ME effect causes the modulation of magnetization in the FM layer of the structure as the result of an alternating electric field
The direct ME effect in composite heterostructures is characterized by the coefficient αE = e/h = u/(h·ap ), where u is the amplitude of the voltage generated between the electrodes of the PE layer, h is the amplitude of the magnetic excitation field, ap is the thickness of the PE layer
Summary
Magnetoelectric (ME) effects in composite heterostructures consisting of mechanically coupled ferromagnetic (FM) and piezoelectric (PE) layers have been intensively investigated because of their promising applications in highly sensitive magnetic field sensors [1], electrically controlled devices for radio signals processing [2], and self-sufficient sources of electrical energy [3]. The direct ME effect leads to the generation of an alternating electric field e in the PE layer of the structure under the influence of an alternating magnetic field h, while the converse ME effect causes the modulation of magnetization in the FM layer of the structure as the result of an alternating electric field. Both effects arise due to the interplay of magnetostriction of the FM layer and piezoelectricity in the PE layer caused by the mechanical coupling between the layers [4]. It has been shown that the magnitude of the coefficient is proportional to the piezomagnetic modulus q of Materials 2019, 12, 3228; doi:10.3390/ma12193228 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials
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