Abstract
In the mixed-valence dn–dn+1 clusters of transition metal ions, taking the spin–orbit coupling into account in the Anderson–Hasegawa double exchange model results in anisotropic double exchange and antisymmetric double exchange. The anisotropic double exchange results in the zero-field splittings of the double exchange levels. These zero-field splittings are described by the the effective ZFS Hamiltonian, which is active between the states of different localization of the extra electron. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
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