Abstract
In the ancient countries of Mesopotamia, animals were subject to many legal regulations. These regulations applied to domestic animals, such as cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs, dogs and bees. They concerned animal trade and rental animals, the seizure of animals, compensation for bodily injury to animals and various legal sanctions related to the coexistence of animals and humans. Legal records also include evidence of veterinary procedures performed on animals, such as castration of males. The authors analyze legal records from the Hittite Empire and Assyria of the Middle Assyrian period. The codes also contain first regulations aimed at animal protection. Hittite law codifies sexual intercourse between humans and animals.
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