Animal Models for COVID-19: Hamsters, Mouse, Ferret, Mink, Tree Shrew, and Non-human Primates.

Shuyu Shou,Youhua Xie,Dan Tan,Yang Yang,Feifei Wang,Ning Kang,Jing Liu,Yingying Song,Nannan Liu,Menghui Liu

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.626553

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus causing acute respiratory tract infection in humans. The virus has the characteristics of rapid transmission, long incubation period and strong pathogenicity, and has spread all over the world. Therefore, it is of great significance to select appropriate animal models for antiviral drug development and therapeutic effect evaluation. Here, we review and compare the current animal models of SARS-CoV-2.

Highlights

In early December of 2019, a new coronavirus disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in Wuhan, China (Li et al, 2020)
Compared with AdV-Empty transduced mice, expression of multiple genes were upregulated in lungs of AdV-angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) transduced mice infected with SARS-CoV-2, such as several cytokines and chemokines, including TNF, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-15, IL-6, CCL2, CXCL10, and platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (PDGFb), which was consistent with observations in COVID19 patients (Table 1; Huang et al, 2020)
In view of the time required for the development and production of transgenic mice, which usually takes from several months to years, approaches based on mouse-adapted or recombinant virus strains capable of infecting through mouse ACE2 (mACE2), or expression of human ACE2 (hACE2) in mouse lung cells are generally much quicker, and susceptible animals can be obtained in as fast as 2–3 weeks (Sun J. et al, 2020)

Summary

Introduction

In early December of 2019, a new coronavirus disease (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in Wuhan, China (Li et al, 2020). IN, IT, OC RNA in nasal swabs, Virus-specific macaque female throat swabs, anal antibodies; IL-10, temperature, weight abnormalities; diffuse swabs, feces, blood; IL-1α, IL-8, IL-15, loss interstitial pneumonia; lung, trachea, and MCP-1 inflammation in liver and bronchus, and upregulated heart; hyperplasia of spleen mesenteric lymph nodes; mild infiltration of local inflammatory cells in kidney

Results

Conclusion