Abstract
Giant magnetostrictive materials such as Terfenol-D and Galfenol are used to design actuators and sensors, converting magnetic input into a mechanical response, or conversely, mechanical input into a magnetic signal. Under standard operating conditions, these materials are subjected to stress. It is therefore important to be able to measure, understand and describe their magneto-mechanical behaviour under stress. In this paper, a comprehensive characterisation of the anhysteretic magneto-mechanical behaviour of Terfenol-D was performed. An energy-based multiscale approach was applied to model this behaviour. Finally, it was shown that the strain behaviour of Terfenol-D can be satisfactorily described using an analytical model derived from the full multiscale approach.
Highlights
Experiments, Multiscale ModellingMagnetic and mechanical behaviours are strongly coupled in ferromagnetic materials.Magnetisation is sensitive to the application of stress, leading to significant effects on the performance of electromagnetic devices [1,2,3]
The material parameters of the analytical model were identified using a limited number of experimental curves, the rest of them being reserved for validation purposes
Ms is identified as the maximum level of magnetisation under no applied stress. λs is identified as the maximum level of magnetostriction strain under no applied stress. κm and κμ are identified to best fit the magnetisation and magnetostriction curves under no applied stress
Summary
Experiments, Multiscale ModellingMagnetic and mechanical behaviours are strongly coupled in ferromagnetic materials.Magnetisation is sensitive to the application of stress, leading to significant effects on the performance of electromagnetic devices [1,2,3]. Thermodynamic [17,18,19] and multiscale [20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29] approaches have been developed to describe the combined effects of magnetic field and multiaxial stress on ferromagnetic materials These multiscale approaches can be simplified [30,31,32,33] and under very strong assumptions, can provide analytical formulas for the description of magneto-elastic couplings [34,35,36]. Particular attention is given to the experimental boundary conditions since a lack of control can lead to measurements errors of up to 40%
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