Abstract
Semantic dementia (SD) is a younger-onset neurodegenerative disease characterised by progressive deterioration of the semantic knowledge base in the context of predominantly left-lateralised anterior temporal lobe (ATL) atrophy. Mounting evidence indicates the emergence of florid socioemotional changes in SD as atrophy encroaches into right temporal regions. How lateralisation of temporal lobe pathology impacts the hedonic experience in SD remains largely unknown yet has important implications for understanding socioemotional and functional impairments in this syndrome. Here, we explored how lateralisation of temporal lobe atrophy impacts anhedonia severity on the Snaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale in 28 SD patients presenting with variable right- (SD-R) and left-predominant (SD-L) profiles of temporal lobe atrophy compared to that of 30 participants with Alzheimer’s disease and 30 healthy older Control participants. Relative to Controls, SD-R but not SD-L or Alzheimer’s patients showed clinically significant anhedonia, representing a clear departure from premorbid levels. Overall, anhedonia was more strongly associated with functional impairment on the Frontotemporal Dementia Functional Rating Scale and motivational changes on the Cambridge Behavioural Inventory in SD than in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed that anhedonia severity correlated with reduced grey matter intensity in a restricted set of regions centred on right orbitofrontal and temporopolar cortices, bilateral posterior temporal cortices, as well as the anterior cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus, bilaterally. Finally, regression and mediation analysis indicated a unique role for right temporal lobe structures in modulating anhedonia in SD. Our findings suggest that degeneration of predominantly right-hemisphere structures deleteriously impacts the capacity to experience pleasure in SD. These findings offer important insights into hemispheric lateralisation of motivational disturbances in dementia and suggest that anhedonia may emerge at different timescales in the SD disease trajectory depending on the integrity of the right hemisphere.
Highlights
The capacity to anticipate and derive pleasure from rewarding experiences is a fundamental determinant of goal-directed behaviour in humans
A total of 88 participants were recruited for this study through FRONTIER, the frontotemporal dementia research clinic based at the Brain and Mind Centre at The University of Sydney, Australia
Patient groups were comparable in terms of disease duration and functional impairment on the Functional Rating Scale (FRS) [F(2,49) = 2.64, p = 0.08, ηp2 = 0.10]
Summary
The capacity to anticipate and derive pleasure from rewarding experiences is a fundamental determinant of goal-directed behaviour in humans. The mesocortical pathway comprises connections from the VTA to the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex [4] and has been implicated in generating motivational and emotional responses to rewarding stimuli [3,5]. Both pathways converge on “hedonic hotspots” either in or closely linked to, the ventral striatum and the prefrontal cortex [6,7]. These pathways support the capacity for reward-seeking as well as maintaining equilibrium between positive and negative affective states [8]
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