Abstract
The angle measuring system of a total station is equivalent to that of an electronic theodolite. Electronic theodolites and total stations are the predominant instruments for angle measurement on site and elsewhere, but optical theodolites are still in use. This chapter describes how theodolites are used for angle measurement, but concentrates mostly on electronic theodolites. Total stations are described in Chapter 5. Figure 3.2 shows two points A and B and a theodolite or total station T set up on a tripod above a ground point G. Point A is higher than the instrument and is above the horizontal plane through T, whereas B is lower and below the horizontal plane. At T, the instrument is mounted a vertical distance h above G on its tripod.
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