Anemias carenciales y anemia de los trastornos crónicos

Abstract

Nutritional anemias, especially iron deficiency anemias, are a global health problem and one of the most frequent causes for consultation in daily clinical practice. Iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid intervene in many physiological processes and as such, a deficiency in them entails other complications in addition to anemia. It is important to know the tools we have available for diagnosis as well as the etiology in order to establish optimal treatment. However, anemia of chronic disease is the most frequent anemia found in hospitalized patients or those with chronic pathologies. Its etiology is more complex, as it tends to occur in elderly patients in which, in addition to possible nutritional deficits, we also have to take into account chronic kidney disease, inflammatory or infectious processes, and neoplasms. Its management is sometimes multidisciplinary and depends on the magnitude and possible causes of the anemia and the patient's comorbidities.