Anatomy, Biomechanics and Treatment of Tibiofibular Syndesmosis Injuries

Abstract

Syndesmosis injuries are quite common globally. Often occurs due to the rotation of the foot or excessive movement in either upward or downward directions at the ankle. These may lead to several injuries, leading to pain, swelling, instability, and a decrease in ankle function. Diagnosing syndesmosis injuries can be challenging since they might not be easily identified through X-rays or clinical examinations. Some other diagnostic approaches, including computed tomography scans or magnetic resonance techniques which can provide information regarding the severity of such injuries. The main treatment approach for syndesmosis injuries depends on how unstable or displaced the joints. Non-surgical treatment options involving immobilization and restrictions on weight-bearing activities can effectively manage minimally displaced injuries. However, surgical intervention with fixation through screws, suture buttons, or other devices is recommended for significantly displaced injuries. The optimal timing for surgery, preferred technique for fixation, and appropriate duration of fixation are still topics of debate requiring research. Generally speaking, though, most patients with syndesmosis injuries tend to have outcomes; however, there is a possibility that some patients may experience pain and stiffness in their ankle joint movements over time while others may develop arthritis or mal-union conditions.