Abstract
Background: Anatomical and histopathologic examination of placenta in cases of abortion is crucial as to clarify the underlying causes of many adverse pregnancy outcomes. Dilation and evacuation (D&E) is the most common mode of uterine evacuation that commonly examined in pathology sections. The aim of this study is to discuss the various placental pathologies, and to demonstrate the importance of careful pathologic examination of D&E material, also to review the anatomy of placenta and to compare our findings with other publications worldwide. Material and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study for 200 placental tissues was collected in 18 months period and revised for normal anatomy and various placental pathologies. These placentas were obtained by dilation and evacuation (D&E) technique. All cases were undergone for histopathological sections that were stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E). Results: Placental infarction was observed in 25% of cases, and chorioammnitis was the most common form of placental infection and found in 12.5%. Molar changes were represented a lowered percentage of placental pathologies that found in 9% of specimens. Conclusion: Study and recognition of placental lesions among general surgical pathologists have clinical significance and awareness of deficiency, standardization of diagnostic criteria, and increased knowledge in placental pathology improve the quality of diagnosis in this area.
Highlights
Placenta is an organ that facilitates nutrient and gas exchange between the maternal and fetal compartments
Spontaneous abortion was observed in 50 cases (25%), incomplete abortion in 85 cases (42.5%), septic abortion in 17 cases (8.5%), abortion following trauma in 10 cases (5%), unexplained abortion in 20 cases (10%), and intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) was seen in 18 (9%) (Table 1)
The available literature and experience support the fact that careful pathologic examination of these can identify significant placental as well as fetal changes that can confirm clinical diagnoses, and provide definitive diagnosis from the clinical differential diagnostic lists [8]
Summary
Placenta is an organ that facilitates nutrient and gas exchange between the maternal and fetal compartments It has two components: fetal portion, formed by the chorion frondosum and maternal portion, formed by the decidua basalis. The placenta is bordered by the chorionic plate and on its maternal side, and it is bordered by the decidua basalis, of which the decidual plate is most intimately incorporated into the placenta [1] This organ has dual blood circulation, functioning throughout fetal development. Material and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study for 200 placental tissues was collected in 18 months period and revised for normal anatomy and various placental pathologies. These placentas were obtained by dilation and evacuation (D&E) technique. Conclusion: Study and recognition of placental lesions among general surgical pathologists have clinical significance and awareness of deficiency, standardization of diagnostic criteria, and increased knowledge in placental pathology improve the quality of diagnosis in this area
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