Abstract
Backround and Objectives: Alternative, non-invasive, and non-pharmaceutical options are gaining place in the battle of Alzheimer’s Disease treatment control. Lately, the magnetic stimulation of the brain is the most prevalent technique with encouraging results. The aim of this study is to establish any possible change on the Primary Dominant Frequencies (PDF) (range 2–7 Hz) of the affected brain regions in Alzheimer Disease (AD) patients after applying extremely weak Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, all AD patients were scanned with the use of MagnetoEncephaloGraphy (MEG) recordings through a whole-head 122–channel MEG system. Results: Our results exerted statistically significant PDF changes due to weak TMS accompanied by rabid attenuation of clinical symptoms. Conclusion: Thus, this is the first time that a positive therapeutic effect is being demonstrated even at pico-Tesla range magnetic fields in a small clinical group of studies for AD.
Highlights
Alzheimer Disease (AD), one of the most prevailing types of dementia, is a neurodegenerative disorder with a worldwide occurrence, which is strongly related to the aging process [1]
All the patients that were referred to our laboratory of Medical Physics by neurologists, were diagnosed with AD and had normal complete serum biochemical profile
In order to score the Primary Dominant Frequencies (PDF) changes, we developed a software program [15,16,17,18,19,20], which detects the PDF of the power spectra of the MEG obtained from AD patients affected brain region prior and following weak TMS
Summary
Alzheimer Disease (AD), one of the most prevailing types of dementia, is a neurodegenerative disorder with a worldwide occurrence, which is strongly related to the aging process [1]. The age by which the AD appears determines its characteristic form [1,2]. Its clinical phenotype is characterized by progressive memory disturbances, hallucinations, speaking or communication difficulties, and orientation as well as motor disorders [2,3,4]. Numerous histopathalogical modifications take place in the AD patients’ brain that eventually lead to general brain atrophy mainly in the temporal and frontal lobes [5,6,7,8]. The senile plaques, the neurofibrillary tangles, and the early degeneration or death of neurons are indicative biomarkers of the AD [5]. Molecular, and cellular abnormalities, together with multiple gene mutations inducing neurodysfunction and neurodegeneration, are involved in Alzheimer’s manifestation [9]
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