Analytical Techniques for Determination of Hydrochlorothiazide and its Combinations: A Review

Bhadresh V Savaj,Hasumati A Raj,Ashutoshkumar Patidar

doi:10.7439/ijasr.v1i3.1786

Abstract

Hydrochlorothiazide is chemically 6-chloro-1, 1-dioxo-3, 4-dihydro-2H-1, 2, 4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic drug used for treatment of high blood pressure(hypertension) and accumulation of fluid (edema). It works by blocking salt and fluid reabsorption from the urine in the kidneys, causing increased urine output (dieresis). Hydrochlorothiazide is used to treat excessive fluid accumulation and swelling (edema) of the body caused byheart failure, cirrhosis, chronickidney failure, corticosteroid medications, and nephrotic syndrome. It can be used alone or in conjunction with otherblood pressure lowering medicationstotreat high blood pressure.This review focuses on the recent developments in analytical techniques for estimation of Hydrochlorothiazide alone or in combinations with other drugs in various biological media like human plasma and urine. This review will critically examine the (a) sample pretreatment method such as solid phase extraction (SPE), (b) separation methods such as thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and capillary electrophoresis (CE), (c) other methods such as spectrophotometry, diffuse reflectance near infrared spectroscopy and electrochemical methods.

Highlights

Hydrochlorothiazide is analogues of 1, 2, 4benzothiadiazine-1, 1-dioxide
Thiazides are preferred in hypertensive patients with osteoporosis; Secondary beneficial effect in hypertensive geriatric patients of reducing the risk of osteoporosis secondary to effect on calcium homeostasis and bone mineralization
The recoveries of hydrochlorothiazide, olmesartan medoxomil, and irbesartan in spiked samples were all greater than 98%, and their relative standard deviations were less than 2.0%

Summary

Introduction

Hydrochlorothiazide is analogues of 1, 2, 4benzothiadiazine-1, 1-dioxide. Hydrochlorothiazide diuretics are among the most commonly used antihypertensive and have been available for over 50 years. Thiazides are preferred in hypertensive patients with osteoporosis; Secondary beneficial effect in hypertensive geriatric patients of reducing the risk of osteoporosis secondary to effect on calcium homeostasis and bone mineralization. Thiazide diuretics used in patients who are at an increased risk for developing hyperkalemia [1]. Thiazides achieve their diuretic action via inhibition of the Na+/Cl− cotransporter (NCC) in the renal distal convoluted tubule[2,3,4]. The NCC facilitates the absorption of sodium from the distal tubules back to the interstitium and accounts for approximately 7% of total sodium reabsorption[5]

Objectives

Methods

Findings

Conclusion