Abstract
Measuring the carbon dioxide (CO2) mass flux in a volcanic environment is necessary for volcanic monitoring. CO2 mass flux must be measured continuously and telemetrically to get, almost in real-time, a better understanding of the dynamics of the volcanic degassing processes, contributing to the building, together with other monitoring technics, of a volcano behavior model. This study presents two analytical solutions, 1) a simple diffuse solution and 2) an advective-diffusive solution, which both implement NDIR (Non-Dispersive Infrared Emitter) sensor arrays in an open chamber (diffusion chimney) and an exchange chamber (gas interchanger). The first system, for which the gas speed is negligible, despite being basic (with values reflected in the slope of an equation line), introduces mass flux calculations with a single sensor NDIR. For the second system, where the gas speed is part of the equation, another mathematical solution and three measuring points are required, which demands the system to include a second NDIR sensor for the correct mathematical solution of the equations system. In addition, an embedded system can automate the method by calibrating, controlling an agitation fan, and recording temperature, pressure, and mass flux in volcanic soils at the surface. Since this theoretically proposed method needs to be tested, experimental data are expected to validate the measurement of CO2 mass flux, which will be used as a helpful tool for volcanic monitoring.
Highlights
The Earth emits gases, which are specific and possibly measurable as soil gas emissions in certain geological environments such as volcanic areas
This study presents two analytical solutions, 1) a simple diffuse solution and 2) an advective-diffusive solution, which both implement NDIR (Non-Dispersive Infrared Emitter) sensor arrays in an open chamber and an exchange chamber
This paper shows the analytical solution for the measurement of CO2 mass flux, based on an open chamber (diffusion chimney (DC) in this paper) and an exchange chamber (gas interchanger (GI) in this paper)
Summary
The Earth emits gases, which are specific and possibly measurable as soil gas emissions in certain geological environments such as volcanic areas. Analytical solution of CO2 mass flux measurement with Non-Dispersive Infrared sensors for soil in diffusive and advective-diffusive regime: Tool for the continuous and telemetric measurement of volcanic gases in an open chamber dini et al, 1998; West Systems, 2012). With the calculation of the accumulation slope with respect to the time and the system constants, it is possible to obtain the CO2 mass flux from the sampled point This technique, clearly manual and designed for research and monitoring (Hernández et al, 2001), needs complex automation for continuous and telemetric use to monitor a volcano status. This document proposes an analytical solution for this type of system It takes advantage of the reduced number of mechanical parts required for their implementation, allowing an automatic and continuous measurement of CO2 mass flux in volcanic soils. New strategies are added in the design stage to minimize the difficulties already studied by other authors of the opened chamber techniques and to advance the alternative designs of continuous CO2 mass flux measuring equipment for volcanic applications with an open chamber
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