Abstract
Abiotic and biotic stresses are the main reasons of substantial crop yield losses worldwide. Research devoted to reveal mechanisms of plant reactions during their interactions with the environment are conducted on the level of genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. Data obtained during these studies would permit to define biochemical and physiological mechanisms of plant resistance or susceptibility to affecting factors/stresses. Metabolomics based on mass spectrometric techniques is an important part of research conducted in the direction of breeding new varieties of crop plants tolerant to the affecting stresses and possessing good agronomical features. Studies of this kind are carried out on model, crop and resurrection plants. Metabolites profiling yields large sets of data and due to this fact numerous advanced statistical and bioinformatic methods permitting to obtain qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the results have been developed. Moreover, advanced integration of metabolomics data with these obtained on other omics levels: genome, transcriptome and proteome should be carried out. Such a holistic approach would bring us closer to understanding biochemical and physiological processes of the cell and whole plant interacting with the environment and further apply these observations in successful breeding of stress tolerant or resistant crop plants.
Highlights
In the last few years climatic changes connected with an elevation of average temperature on the globe; an increase of greenhouse gases concentration in the atmosphere as well as elevation of environmental pollutions resulting from the human activity are observed
It was shown that mild drought stress may cause significant increase of accumulation of secondary metabolites and thereby enhance the quality of plant-derived spices and fragrances of. Results of such studies were reviewed in plentiful articles concerned to applications of research carried out on model, crop or resurrection plants and performed for searching of biomarkers useful in breeding new varieties resistant to stresses were published in the last few years [35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43]
Mass spectrometers provide several methods to achieve this goal: elemental composition of the studied molecules may be calculated from the measurements of m/z values of ions with a high resolution and accuracy; this annotation should be assisted by calculation of the isotopic pattern for the proposed protonated/deprotonated molecules the presence of different substituents and/or functional groups may be revealed from the fragmentation pattern obtained using collisional induced dissociation mass spectra (CID mass spectrometry (MS)/MS)
Summary
In the last few years climatic changes connected with an elevation of average temperature on the globe; an increase of greenhouse gases concentration in the atmosphere as well as elevation of environmental pollutions resulting from the human activity are observed. It was shown that mild drought stress may cause significant increase of accumulation of secondary metabolites and thereby enhance the quality of plant-derived spices and fragrances of (for review see [34]) Results of such studies were reviewed in plentiful articles concerned to applications of research carried out on model, crop or resurrection plants and performed for searching of biomarkers useful in breeding new varieties resistant to stresses were published in the last few years [35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43].
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