Abstract
Indian biodiversity is a hub for medicinal plants. Extensive research has been carried out to select plants with numerous properties which can be used for human welfare. Present research is about Cymbopogon citratus, an economically valuable medicinal plant. In this study Cymbopogon citratus was elected as a subject plant over the five selected plants (Azadirachta indica, Plumeria obtuse, Sapindus mukorossi, Capsicum annuum and Phyllanthus emblica) on the basis of antibacterial effect against dominating pathogenic species of gram positive (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis) and gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) bacteria. Further, bioactive agents behind antibacterial potential of Cymbopogon citratus was analyzed using analytical method (Phyto-chemical, FTIR, NMR and GC-MS). Due to the broad antimicrobial spectrum, silver nanoparticles have turned into a noteworthy decision for the improvement of new medication. Therefore, this investigation further elaborated in the development of Cymbopogon citratus silver nano-particles (CNPs). Antibacterial potential of CNPs examine in a range of C25–C150 (μg/ml) through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) where, C25 (μg/ml) concentration of CNPs were recorded as the MIC for all bacterial species and C25 (μg/ml) and C50 (μg/ml) noted as the MBC for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis, respectively. In agar disk diffusion assay of CNPs, maximum diameter of zone of inhibition was observed for C150 (μg/ml) concentration Bacillus cereus (20.12 ± 0.42), Bacillus licheniformis (22.34 ± 0.4), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (35.23 ± 0.46) and Escherichia coli (31.87 ± 0.24). Involvement of bioactive component as a reducing and capping agent can be confirmed through FTIR spectrum of CNPs. Moreover XRD, EDXRF and SEM showed crystalline and cuboidal nature of CNPs with ∼35 nm sizes. Prominently, cytotoxic analysis was conducted to understand the toxic effect of CNPs. This research highlights the potential of CNPs due to the bioactive components present in Cymbopogon citratus extract: Polyphenols (phenol; 1584.56 ± 16.32 mg/L, Flavanoids) and mixture of terpenoids (Citral, Myrcene, Farnesol, β-myrcene and β –Pinene)
Highlights
More than half of the world population use plants for their basic health needs
Our finding signifies the importance of C. citratus among all selected plants; C. citratus gave the highest zone of inhibition against all the test microorganisms
In this study we demonstrated the elevated antimicrobial activity of synthesized C. citratus silver nanoparticles, i.e., citratus silver nano-particles (CNPs) against the gram positive (B. cereus, B. licheniformis) as well as gram negative (P. aeruginosa, E. coli) pathogenic species
Summary
More than half of the world population use plants for their basic health needs. From the millennia they have been used as a potent medicinal treatment against various kinds of diseases and ailment. Plant resides wide range of bioactive components/secondary metabolites viz Phenols, Tannins, Saponin, Steriods, Alkaloids, Flavanoids, Carbohydrates and Glycosides which are responsible for antimicrobial activity (Nascimento et al, 2000; Ewansiha et al, 2012; Chaudhary et al, 2017; Elish et al, 2017) the discovery of extraction of bioactive components from plants have proved to be one of the important research for human kind. Many reports cited numerous plants with antimicrobial activity; C. citratus is one of them commonly referred as lemon grass
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