Analysis on the Formation of Physical Space in Traditional Villages

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By taking Jishan Village from Yong’an City of Fujian central mountainous area as the study carrier, this paper is to analyze the formation of physical space in villages from three aspects, namely, the architectural space, street space and overall space. As a part of traditional village study, the formation of physical space is definitely the basis of study on villages. Therefore, this paper is with certain theoretical values and practical significance. KEYWORD: Traditional Villages; Jishan Village; Physical space; Formation International Conference on Industrial Technology and Management Science (ITMS 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 683 “Room-wing type” three-section courtyard is mainly constituted by principal rooms, left and right wing rooms, garth and the front yard, which is in the symmetric figure by taking the ancestor’s hall and the garth as the central axis (such as the ancestral house of Liu family shown in Fig. 1). The principal rooms include one clear-sighted and two dark rooms or one clear-sighted and four dark rooms. The clearsighted room is the ancestors’ hall, and the secondary room and the end room are for residence. According to feudal ethics and local customs, the grade of the secondary room is higher than that of the end room, and mostly the elder generation lives there, while the end rooms are for later generations. The wing rooms on both sides are usually with one or two on the left and right sides. There are roughly two kinds of structures for wing rooms: First, the wing room is open to the garth, which can be taken as the side hall, study room, oil manufacturing workshop and other public space. The space is flexible and practical; Second, the wing room is used for living, which is rather clean with strong spatial privacy. The garth is usually of no use, which carries the spirit of ritual symbol, while the front yard in front of the buildings is used for daily drying and grain-sunning ground. Specifically speaking, “Room-wing type” three-section courtyard is small in space suitable for families with a small number of members, and it is the main building form in the initial period of the village. “Room-building type” courtyard mainly includes buildings of “two-room and two-building”, and its plane layout is constituted by “two-room and twowing type” courtyard, left and right long rooms and flower hall. The “two-room and two-building” type is to add subordinate rooms in front of the “Roomwing type” three-section courtyard. The long rooms on both sides are not only for living, but also for the use of kitchen, dining room and farm tool storage. The whole house is in central axial symmetry to be rigorous. As the horizontal direction of the front yard is narrow and long, and the left and right long rooms are also narrow and long in the vertical direction, the three outdoor spaces can constitute the imagery shape of the Chinese character “凹”, making the core part of the central patio more enclosed and the centrality characteristic more prominent. If the house base is large enough, a pool can be set right ahead the wall of the whole house, and the Fetal soil can be set at the back of the principal rooms (such as the Mansion of Senior Official shown in Fig. 2). As both parts are in the semicircle shape, this layout can strength the role of the central patio core part as an entity center and spiritual center. “Room-building type” courtyard is generally the main form developed by villages in the peak period, the building space of which is large with some even taking the “three-room and two-building” layout suitable for larger families. Figure 1 Plane graph of the ancestral house of the Lius Figure 2 Plane graph of Daifudi 2.2 Spatial form of streets