Analysis on Spatial Layout of Rural Community Public Service Facilities Based on Big Data

Abstract

Rural community is the basic unit of rural society. Strengthening the rational layout and scientific allocation of public facilities will help to improve the public service level of rural community and meet the needs of rural residents for livable life. Based on the big data of Internet map, the public service facilities and the spatial distribution characteristics of "15-minute community life circle" in Pinggu District of Beijing were analyzed by using the methods of nuclear density analysis, average nearest neighbor analysis and network analysis. 8 types of community public in villages and towns were measured under three modes of transportation: walking, cycling and automobile driving, including community comprehensive services, educational institutions, medical and health care, culture and sports, social welfare, life services, disaster prevention and avoidance, and industrial development. The results show that: ① The spatial distribution of public service facilities in Pinggu District is uneven, and the nuclear density centers are mostly concentrated in the areas with higher economic level in the south; ② From the perspective of the coverage rate of public facilities, the overall level of necessary facilities for residents in rural communities is high under the modes of automobile driving and cycling. But under the walking mode, the space coverage rate of cultural and sports facilities and public toilets is the lowest, and the supply gap is the largest; The coverage rate of medical and health facilities and social welfare facilities is around 70%, which needs to be further improved. This paper provides theoretical basis and reference for finding weak areas and rational layout planning of public service facilities in rural communities by using the big data of Internet map.