Analysis on high-risk human papillomavirus infection, p53 protein expression and lymph node metastasis of patients with breast cancer

Abstract

Objective To investigate the high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, p53 protein expression and lymph node metastasis among patients with breast cancer. Methods Total of 90 patients with breast cancer treated in Northwest Women and Children Hospital from May 2016 to May 2018 were selected as observation group and 90 patients with breast hyperplasia as control group. HPV genotype and p53 protein were detected in cancer tissues, while HPV genotype was detected in hyperplastic tissues. The high-risk HPV infection rate of all patients were detected. The tumor size, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis rate and p53 protein expression in patients with breast cancer were analyzed, respectively. Results There were 60 cases and 36 cases with high-risk HPV infection in observation group and control group, respectively. The infection rates of HPV16, 18 genotype in the observation group were 21.11% (19/90) and 22.22% (20/90), respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control group [(2.22% (2/90) and 2.22% (2/90)], with significant differences (χ2 = 7.108, P = 0.001; χ2 = 8.063, P = 0.001). In the observation group, the lymph node metastasis rate of HPV positive patients was 93.33% (56/60), which was significantly higher than that of HPV negative patients (21/30, 70.00%), with significant difference (χ2 = 4.072, P = 0.002). Among the 90 cases with breast cancer, 39 cases were p53 protein positive, among whom, 27 cases (27/39, 69.23%) were with tumor size ≤ 2 cm, TNM stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ accounted for 15.38% (6/39), 30.77% (12/39), 35.90% (14/39) and 17.95% (6/39), respectively; the lymph node metastasis rate was 82.05% (32/39). There were 51 cases (56.67) with p53 protein negative among the observation group, 35 cases with tumor size ≤ 2 cm (35/51, 68.63%), and TNM stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ accounted for 7.84% (4/51), 19.61% (10/51), 49.02% (25/51) and 23.53% (12/51), respectively; the lymph node metastasis rate was 86.27% (44/51). There was no significant difference in tumor size, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis between the p53 protein positive group and p53 protein negative group (χ2 = 0.682, P = 0.462; χ2 = 0.491, P = 0.507; χ2 = 0.572, P = 0.461). Conclusions Detection of high risk HPV infection, p53 protein expression and lymph node metastasis rate of patients with breast cancer is helpful to the diagnosis and treatment, and the decrease of p53 protein positive rate may promote the occurrence and development of HPV infection related tumors. Key words: Breast cancer; High-risk human papillomavirus; P53 protein; Lymph node metastasis