Abstract
Abstract Water security assessment is very important to social development. However, most studies only focus on the status quo of water security in a static state and ignore the flow characteristics of water resources in water security assessment. This paper integrates multi-source data to construct a water supply and service supply–demand balance and spatial flow model in the Lianshui River Basin, simulates the spatial pattern of the service flow of the aquatic water ecosystem in the Lianshui River Basin from 1990 to 2018, and quantifies the service flow. Results show that: (1) From 1990 to 2018, the water supply in the Lianshui River Basin first decreased, then increased, and finally decreased. Water yield was the highest in 2010 and lowest in 2000. (2) Water demand increased year by year, and the amount of area with a poor water resource security index increased, indicating that water security was deteriorating. (3) The four main beneficiary areas in the basin are the urban area of Lianyuan City, the county seat of Shuangfeng County, the Louxing District of Loudi City, and the urban area of Xiangxiang City and nearby towns. The service flow showed the same changing trend as the water yield. In 2018, the water resource gap in the beneficiary area was as high as 4.49 billion m3. Local governments should actively build a water-saving society, improve the efficiency of industrial and agricultural water-saving and residents' awareness of water-saving, and improve the water resources in the river basin. The research can provide a scientific basis for realizing the sustainable development of water resources in the Lianshui River Basin and improving the ecological compensation mechanism, and can also provide references for water resources management in other river basins.
Highlights
Ecosystem services are currently attracting considerable attention from the global scientific community (Lang & Song 2019), as they provide important natural environmental conditions and utilities that humans rely upon (Li et al 2018)
Adaptability and improvement of the model This paper couples the InVEST model and Service Path Attribution Networks (SPANs) models to build a water production ecosystem service spatial flow model, which simulates the spatio-temporal evolution of the service flow of water supply and demand in the Lianshui River Basin under natural conditions, and analyzes the regional water security status
Our results show that the urban area of Lianyuan City, the county seat of Shuangfeng County, Louxing District of Loudi City, the urban area of Xiangxiang City and surrounding towns where the sub-watershed is located are the four major beneficiaries of the water production ecosystem service flow of the watershed
Summary
Ecosystem services are currently attracting considerable attention from the global scientific community (Lang & Song 2019), as they provide important natural environmental conditions and utilities that humans rely upon (Li et al 2018). The assessment of water resources safety and the rational management and control of water supply services are very important to human life, sustainable social development, and ecological civilization (Shi et al 2020; Zhang et al 2021). Water yield evaluation is a key issue in the field of hydrology and river basin management, and it plays an important role in research on seawater desalination (Panagopoulos & Haralambous 2020; Panagopoulos 2021). It must be considered when studying the watershed ecosystem (Wen et al 2018). If the flow of water resources is not included in the
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