Abstract
The numerous industrial and engineering applications of Casson nanofluid is due to the superiority of its thermophysical properties. Tomatoes paste, engine oil, soup etc., are examples of Casson fluid and when nanometer-sized particles are suspended in such Casson fluid, it becomes Casson nanofluid. This paper considers a natural convective magnetohydrodynamics flow of Cu-engine oil nanofluid across a convectively heated vertical plate. The effects of self-heating of the fluid (measured by the Eckert number), internal conductive resistance to external convective resistance (measured by the Biot number), magnetic field strength, volume fraction of the nanoparticles on the temperature and velocity of mass and heat transfer of Casson nanofluid is analysed. An appropriate model governing the flow of Casson nanofluid is formulated as a system of nonlinear partial differential equations. The natural convection boundary condition is included. To solve the problem, an appropriate similarity transformation is used to reformulate the system as a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The shooting technique is used to convert the boundary problem to initial value problems before Runge-Kutta method, with the Gills constants, is used to solve the reformulated problem. The results are depicted as graphs. Flow velocity is found to increase as the base fluid becomes more Casson and as nanoparticle volume fraction increases. It is also found that increasing Eckert number, Biot number and magnetic field strength causes an increase in the flow temperature.
Highlights
Heat transfer describes the flow of thermal energy due to temperature differences
The results indicated that an increase in the magnetic field strength and nanoparticle volume fraction has retarding effects on velocity profiles but enhance temperature profiles
A natural convective heat transfer in magnetohydrodynamic flow of Casson nanofluid over a convectively heated stretching vertical surface is analysed in this study
Summary
Heat transfer describes the flow of thermal energy due to temperature differences. The second law of thermodynamics establishes that heat flows from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature unless the process is artificially conditioned. MHD flow of nanofluid was carried out with Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model [28], over corrugated vibrating bottom surface [8] while some semi-analytical approaches to solving the equations were presented by Bulinda et al [3] Each of these studies observes that temperature is enhanced with increasing magnetic force. Pramanik [25] analysed heat transfer in Casson fluid flow on an exponentially porous stretching surface and observed that increasing Casson fluid parameter suppresses the velocity but enhances temperature. The work of Idowu et al [7] was extended by Gbadeyan et al [6] to Casson nanofluid to examine the effects of a non-Darcian porous medium, nonlinear radiation as well as temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and viscosity on Casson nanofluid flow. A natural convective heat transfer in magnetohydrodynamic flow of Casson nanofluid over a convectively heated stretching vertical surface is analysed in this study
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