Analysis of vaccine supply chain issues using ISM approach

Abstract

In the present study, an effort has been made to identify issues in the supply of basic vaccines required to immunise each child based upon the field survey of Uttarakhand State, India. The Delphi method that uses expert's opinion in decision-making has been employed for selection of 25 key issues as factors of vaccine supply chain. Using interpretive structural modelling (ISM) approach, a hierarchical structure has been developed to show interrelationships among various factors. Then, MICMAC analysis has been performed to classify the factors based on their driving and dependence power. From the ISM model and the MICMAC analysis and from further discussions with the experts, it has been found that the factors 'demand forecast', 'communication between the supply chain members' and 'proper planning and scheduling' are three most critical factors of vaccine supply chain. The study will provide a direction to the policymakers for implementing the state immunisation plan.