Abstract
Highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed and analyzed using full vectorial finite element method. The reported design has a central large core filled with nematic liquid crystal (NLC) which provides tunability with the external electric field and temperature. In addition, the full permittivity tensor of the NLC material is taken into account when we study the modal properties of the proposed PCF. The effects of the geometrical parameters, rotation angle of the director of the NLC, and temperature on the modal properties of the reported design are investigated. The suggested design offers high birefringence of 0.191 at the operating wavelength of 1.55 lm with NLC diameter of 3.4 lm with low losses of the two polarized modes. As the NLC diameter decreases to 1.0 lm, high birefringence of 0.08 is obtained with single mode NLC PCF design, which is significantly large birefringence to maintain polarization state.
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