Highly birefringence low loss index guiding photonic crystal fiber with differently sized air-holes in cladding

Abstract

Abstract An analysis of highly birefringence low losses index-guiding photonic crystal fiber composed of differently sized circular air-holes in cladding and adjacent to the two elliptical air-holes x-direction in the first inner rings is carried out in this work using full-vector finite element method. The birefringence properties in terms of various parameters, e.g., pitch length; air-hole size and ellipticity ratio are calculated. Form the numerical results confirm that the size control of these air holes and pitch length is the key to reaching high model birefringence. The proposed structure at wavelength 1.55Pm shows a birefringence of up to 3.02×10 -2 and at the same time can get the confinement loss of less than 1.9×10 -7 dB/m, which is a reference significance in useful to design temperature sensors. Keywords finite element method; high birefringence; photonic Crystal fiber; confinement loss; temperature sensor 1. Introduction In recent years, there has been a signifi cant interest in the new technology of the PCFs due to their wide range of unusual optical properties, such as endlessly single-mode, high birefringence, high nonlinearity, large effective area, chromatic dispersion and confinement lo sses. Among the features of PCFs, birefringence is one of the most interesting characteristics. Optical fibers with high birefringence are of significant research interest because they are expected to find many applications in optical communication system, devices, and fiber sensors. Hi-Bi PCFs also offer promising applications in the construction of Photonic sensors, e.g., for measurement of temperature, pressure and strain