Abstract
Surface defect is the main form of axle failure. In this paper, the cause of surface defect on wheel seat of a certain type of dynamic axle is analyzed systematically. In the test, the macroscopic chemical component of inspection axle was determined using spectrometer. And the chemical composition near the crack was detected by energy disperse spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The microstructure of the crack area was observed by optical microscope, while the crack microscopic characteristic was characterized using scanning electron microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope. The study found that, the defect is transverse crack, which was distributed circumferentially along the wheel seat. Further more, the typical features of wear or friction and iron oxide was observed on the wheel seat near the crack area. It was concluded that, due to surface presure and the existence of stress concentration, which the wheel and axle interference fit resulted in, wear abrasion and fretting fatigue initiated fatigue crack.
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