Abstract
The Zagreb 2020 earthquake severely damaged the historic centre of the city. Most of the damage occurred on historic masonry residential buildings, many of which are situated very close to the tram track. Although traffic-induced vibrations generally do not affect surrounding buildings, they can be harmful to buildings damaged by a previous earthquake. Vibrations could contribute to the further propagation of existing cracks. The effect of vibrations depends on many factors, one of the most important being the distance between the track and the building. The vibrations are highest at the source, and the energy loss occurs due to transfer through the soil to the recipients. The impact of tram-induced vibrations on earthquake-damaged buildings in the city of Zagreb is investigated in this paper. The analysis is conducted on a tramway network scale to identify critical locations by performing continuous monitoring on the tramway network and risk analysis based on the distance of buildings from the track, vibration amplitude at source, and building damage. Further investigation is based on the level of buildings to evaluate the influence of vibrations on actual buildings damaged in the Zagreb earthquake. Based on detailed signal analysis, the vibration characterization is performed, and the influence on damaged masonry buildings is evaluated.
Highlights
The impact of tram-induced vibrations on earthquake-damaged buildings in the city of Zagreb is investigated in this paper
Further investigation is based on the level of buildings to evaluate the influence of vibrations on actual buildings damaged in the Zagreb earthquake
In order to identify immediate threats to the safe operation of tram transport; risk analysis based on the distance of buildings from track [26], building damage score according to HCPI database [27], and vibration amplitude at source [26] used to narrow down and detect critical locations; initial evaluation of a typical earthquake-damaged masonry building subjected to high levels of tram vibrations—the focus of this paper; long-term monitoring of vibrations recorded at bogie level of an in-service tram vehicle to identify trends in vibration amplitude at source; long-term monitoring of vibrations on multiple damaged buildings at critical locations along the tram network to detect changes in modal parameters of buildings due to aggregated tram vibrations
Summary
The impact of tram-induced vibrations on earthquake-damaged buildings in the city of Zagreb is investigated in this paper. Further investigation is based on the level of buildings to evaluate the influence of vibrations on actual buildings damaged in the Zagreb earthquake. Based on detailed signal analysis, the vibration characterization is performed, and the influence on damaged masonry buildings is evaluated. In the protected historical urban complex of the city, the damage was reported for a total of 6651 buildings, out of which. Construction typologies and damage classification of masonry buildings in the Zagreb urban complex are explained in detail in [4].
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