Analysis of the temporal and spatial variability of the temperature and humidity regime of the spring-summer period in the south of Russia for the cultivation of fruit crops (on the example of the Stavropol Territory)

Abstract

The normal growth and development of the fruit plant requires certain living conditions, primarily the optimal temperatures for the successful passage of all phases of ontogenesis during the year. The amount of precipitation is a very important indicator, although this factor (unlike temperature) can be regulated by irrigating. The North Caucasus is the main region of the country's fruit growing, especially for the cultivation of particularly valuable southern fruit crops. In all of its republics and the edges, critical temperatures of the winter-spring period of various forces, uncomfortable for harvesting fruit crops or even destructive are occupied. No less important factors in the south of Russia for the successful development of fruit growing are elevated summer period temperatures, exceeding them more than 30 °C suspends the processes of the development of seed and bone crops. Stavropol Territory differs from other ecological and geographical zones of the North Caucasus with frequent manifestation of such high temperatures during the growing season and disadvantage of falling precipitation (300-500 mm), which creates additional problems for crops, so all gardens in the Stavropol Territory require watering to create effective fruit production. Square of gardens of seed and bone cultures in recent years (2019, 2020) gradually increase in this zone. Solving the problem of environmental management when the climate change is currently requires an assessment of the time and spatial variability of the temperature and humidity regime in the expanding zones of gardening of the Stavropol Territory. It is also necessary for the optimal placement of various cultures and varieties of fruit crops.