Abstract
BackgroundAedes albopictus is a vector of major arboviral diseases and a primary pest in tropical and temperate regions of China. In most cities of China, the current monitoring system for the spread of Ae. albopictus is based on the subdistrict scale and does not consider spatial distribution for analysis of species density. Thus, the system is not sufficiently accurate for epidemic investigations, especially in large cities.MethodsThis study used an improved surveillance program, with the mosquito oviposition trap (MOT) method, integrating the actual monitoring locations to investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of Ae. albopictus abundance in an urban area of Shanghai, China from 2018 to 2019. A total of 133 monitoring units were selected for surveillance of Ae. albopictus density in the study area, which was composed of 14 subdistricts. The vector abundance and spatial structure of Ae. albopictus were predicted using a binomial areal kriging model based on eight MOTs in each unit. Results were compared to the light trap (LT) method of the traditional monitoring scheme.ResultsA total of 8,192 MOTs were placed in the study area in 2018, and 7917 (96.6%) were retrieved, with a positive rate of 6.45%. In 2019, 22,715 (97.0%) of 23,408 MOTs were recovered, with a positive rate of 5.44%. Using the LT method, 273 (93.5%) and 312 (94.5%) adult female Ae. albopictus were gathered in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The Ae. albopictus populations increased slowly from May, reached a peak in July, and declined gradually from September. The MOT positivity index (MPI) showed significant positive spatial autocorrelation across the study area, whereas LT collections indicated a nonsignificant spatial autocorrelation. The MPI was suitable for spatial interpolation using the binomial areal kriging model and showed different hot spots in different years.ConclusionsThe improved surveillance system integrated with a geographical information system (GIS) can improve our understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of Ae. albopictus in urban areas and provide a practical method for decision-makers to implement vector control and mosquito management.Graphical abstract
Highlights
Aedes albopictus is a vector of major arboviral diseases and a primary pest in tropical and temperate regions of China
Mosquito collection In 2018, a total of 8192 mosquito oviposition trap (MOT) were placed in the study area, and 7917 (96.6%) of them were retrieved, with a positive rate of 6.45%
Prediction of Ae. albopictus abundance at non‐sampling locations We found that the mean MOT positivity index (MPI) of each unit was suitable for kriging interpolation because it demonstrated significant positive spatial autocorrelation
Summary
In most cities of China, the current monitoring system for the spread of Ae. albopictus is based on the subdistrict scale and does not consider spatial distribution for analysis of species density. Three cases have been reported [11], and Ae. albopictus has been at the top of the list for vector control and surveillance in Shanghai. The public health service developed a monitoring system for Ae. albopictus to obtain information regarding its temporal evolution using the light trap (LT) and mosquito oviposition trap (MOT) methods in 2010. This system is used for surveillance of the Ae. albopictus population and biting rates based on data collected from subdistricts. Only the regional average density of Ae. albopictus can be obtained with this monitoring system
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