ANALYSIS OF THE RISK OF SOIL POLLUTION BY INDUSTRIAL OBJECTS

Abstract

An analysis of the work of studying filtration processes in the soil layer is presented. The systematization of information on the geological and hydrogeological properties of the territories of Ukraine was carried out. As a result, the territory was divided according to the main geofiltration schemes into four areas and within them nine areas. A number of problems of state importance are identified associated with the movement of liquids and gas in porous media and the consequences of the negative impact of industry on the state of the ground layer and as a consequence of groundwater. Such problems include: water supply; extraction of energy raw materials (oil and gas); design, construction and operation of hydraulic and irrigation and drainage facilities; combating pollution and salinization of agricultural areas with groundwater, etc.The solution of such problems requires the development of a theory of filtration processes in models of porous media. Implementing models of filtering pollutants in soils will provide an objective picture of the process of distribution of contaminated liquids in deep-seated horizons.It is emphasized that the chemical reactions of interaction between the flow and the porous medium have their influence on the dispersion. A model of the filtration process with an irreversible first-order chemical reaction A → B is considered, and the dependence of the dispersion coefficient on the reaction rate constant is obtained. It was mathematically proved that the inclusion of an additional factor in the transfer process of impurities by the filtration flow – chemical interaction – leads to a weakening of the dispersion. It was also highlighted that in order to use mathematical modeling of the filtration process, taking into account the chemical interaction of a higher order of reaction, a large amount of information must be taken into account, which still needs to be worked on. An assessment of the level of environmental risk of chemical effects on the soil was also carried out. For this, a scale was presented to classify the level of risk of environmental change.