ANALYSIS OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF MODERN RESEARCH METHODS FOR THE DIAGNOSTIC OF HEMORRAGE IN THE SUBSTANCE OF THE HUMAN BRAIN (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury is one of the most widespread and complex types of mechanical injury today, which involves many fields of medical practice, including neurosurgery, neurology, rehabilitation, forensic medicine, etc., and requires a multidisciplinary approach to its solution. Aim of the work: to analyse, on the basis of data from literary sources, the possibilities of modern research methods for the diagnosis of haemorrhages in the substance of the human brain and their genesis. Research results. The gold standard for verification of the diagnosis in forensic medicine is a forensic histological examination, however, the classical technique of histological differential diagnosis of the genesis and time of formation of a haemorrhage in the brain substance is not effective. The diagnosis of traumatic brain injury can be complicated in cases where there are no macroscopic signs of head trauma and little information is available about the circumstances of death. Therefore, a number of researchers have explored the possibility of using biomarkers to provide objective evidence of traumatic brain injury as the cause of death or to estimate the survival and post-mortem time of the deceased. Biophysical studies using a laser have shown potential success in the field of traumatic brain injury diagnostics. Preliminary conclusions regarding the possibility of differentiating the genesis of cerebral haemorrhage using the method of reconstructing distributions of the magnitude of linear dichroism fluctuations gave positive results. Conclusion. It was found that biochemical studies show significant success in the diagnosis of traumatic brain injury, some markers even make it possible to differentiate the genesis of brain haemorrhage, but forensic medical practice requires the development of easy-to-use, highly effective methods to verify the type of human brain injury. This role can potentially be fulfilled by physical-optical methods based on laser irradiation of biological objects followed by mathematical and statistical processing of the obtained data.