Analysis of the Kinetics of Swimming Pool Water Reaction in Analytical Device Reproducing Its Circulation on a Small Scale.

Jarosław Panasiuk,Aneta Pobudkowska,Szymon Borys,Wojciech Kaczmarek,Mikołaj Majsterek

doi:10.3390/s20174820

Abstract

The most common cause of diseases in swimming pools is the lack of sanitary control of water quality; water may contain microbiological and chemical contaminants. Among the people most at risk of infection are children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised people. The origin of the problem is a need to develop a system that can predict the formation of chlorine water disinfection by-products, such as trihalomethanes (THMs). THMs are volatile organic compounds from the group of alkyl halides, carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and bioaccumulating. Long-term exposure, even to low concentrations of THM in water and air, may result in damage to the liver, kidneys, thyroid gland, or nervous system. This article focuses on analysis of the kinetics of swimming pool water reaction in analytical device reproducing its circulation on a small scale. The designed and constructed analytical device is based on the SIMATIC S7-1200 PLC driver of SIEMENS Company. The HMI KPT panel of SIEMENS Company enables monitoring the process and control individual elements of device. Value of the reaction rate constant of free chlorine decomposition gives us qualitative information about water quality, it is also strictly connected to the kinetics of the reaction. Based on the experiment results, the value of reaction rate constant was determined as a linear change of the natural logarithm of free chlorine concentration over time. The experimental value of activation energy based on the directional coefficient is equal to 76.0 . These results indicate that changing water temperature does not cause any changes in the reaction rate, while it still affects the value of the reaction rate constant. Using the analytical device, it is possible to constantly monitor the values of reaction rate constant and activation energy, which can be used to develop a new way to assess pool water quality.

Highlights

The most common cause of diseases in public bathing sites is the lack of sanitary control of water quality in swimming pools and public water reservoirs
The main goal of this article is to analyze the kinetics of free chlorine in swimming pool water using constructed analytical device
The analytical device is to carry out such experiments automatically in the pool to determine the potential for formation of THM in the pool water

Summary

Introduction

The most common cause of diseases in public bathing sites is the lack of sanitary control of water quality in swimming pools and public water reservoirs. Among the people most at risk of infection acquired in the pool are children; pregnant women; and immunocompromised people, including AIDS patients, transplant patients, or those undergoing chemotherapy. Excessive use of disinfectants is as unfavorable to human health as not using them at all. It can cause numerous diseases, especially skin and respiratory system diseases [8,9,10,11,12,13]. Among the by-products of water disinfection resulting from chlorination are [14] the following

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