Abstract
The energy transfer between ions (protons) and low frequency waves(LFWs) in the frequency range f1 from 0.3 to 10 Hz is observed byCluster crossing the high-altitude polar cusp. The energy transferbetween low frequency waves and ions has two means. One is that theenergy is transferred from low frequency waves to ions and ions energyincreases. The other is that the energy is transferred from ions to lowfrequency waves and the ion energy decreases. Ion gyratory motion plays animportant role in the energy transfer processes. The electromagneticfield of f1 LFWs can accelerate or decelerate protons along thedirection of ambient magnetic field and warm or refrigerate protons inthe parallel and perpendicular directions of ambient magnetic field. Thepeak values of proton number densities have the corresponding peakvalues of electromagnetic energy of low-frequency waves. This impliesthat the kinetic Alfven waves and solitary kinetic Alfven waves possiblyexist in the high-altitude cusp region.
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