Analysis of the Environmental Degradation and Ecological Water Requirement Process of the Typical Wetlands in Northeast China

Abstract

With the aggravation of water resources scarcity in northeast China at present, the area of the wetlands in the watershed has gradually decreased, and the ecotope is getting worse. In this article we take Xianghai wetland and Zhalong wetland as an example to study the process of ecological water requirement, so as to provide the basis for water environment protection. The results show that the suitable ecological water requirement of Xianghai wetland is 191.19 million m3, and the minimum ecological water requirement of Xianghai wetland is 74.32 million m3. While the suitable ecological water requirement of Zhalong wetland is 559.63 million m3, and the minimum is 217.39 million m3. The wetlands in northeast has four ecological water requirement characteristics, which includes that the northeast wetland ecological water requirement process assumes an M type; May is the month having the highest ecological water requirement of the wetland; the wetlands’ ecological water requirement shows a sharp decline in July; and the wetlands ecological water requirement becomes less in winter. The wetlands should choose a right time to make an ecological water supplement for the wetland, in order to alleviate the water shortage condition, and maintain the wetlands’ structure and function to play them normal roles.