Abstract
The object of research: the technology of wastewater remediation. Investigated problem: improving the efficiency of biogenic and toxic elements removal from different types of wastewater and reducing the amount of waste in the removal process. The main scientific results: Possible strains of microalgae, which have ability to absorb biogenic and toxic elements during their metabolism, are identified. It is shown that the use of microalgae is a promising method of wastewater remediation due to their wide availability, the ability to reduce pollution to the established maximum allowable discharge into reservoirs and the ability to accumulate high biomass, which can serve as raw material for industrial products. In particular, Oscillatoria spp. effectively removes chromium, Chlorella vulgaris effectively removes cadmium, copper and zinc, Chlamydomonas spp. effectively removes lead, Euglena gracilis effectively removes nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. It is also shown that the most effective way to solve the problem of restoring the biomass of algae obtained in wastewater is to use immobilized cell systems. The use of immobilized systems can also increase the resistance of cells and the rate of their removal of various pollutants and xenobiotics from wastewater. The area of practical use of the research results: Municipal enterprises for domestic and surface wastewater treatment. Enterprises for the treatment of industrial effluents. Enterprises for biomass processing, production of motor fuels, biogas, organic fertilizers. Innovative technological product: The technology of remediation of domestic, surface and industrial wastewater, which allows to effectively purify these waters from toxic and biogenic elements and reduce pollution of surface water bodies. The technology assumes the absence of waste, as the resulting biomass of microalgae is considered as a raw material for the production of various products. Scope of the innovative technological product: Technological schemes of domestic, rain and industrial wastewater remediation, protection water bodies from pollution, improvement of surface water quality.
Highlights
It is shown that the use of microalgae is a promising method of wastewater remediation due to their wide availability, the ability to reduce pollution to the established maximum allowable discharge into reservoirs and the ability to accumulate high biomass, which can serve as raw material for industrial products
Implementation of microalgae metabolism is an effective method of wastewater remediation
It is because they have high ability to absorb different types of pollution from wastewater and can provide achieving established maximum allowable concentration of the pollutants
Summary
The object of research The object of research is the technology of remediation of wastewater with the help of microalgae using the process of their metabolism. Problem description Protecting the environment from pollution with sewage water is one of today’s pressing issues. The development of cities, industry and agriculture inevitably leads to increase in wastewater. No 5 (70), 2020 discharge and increased pollution of natural water with various organic (petroleum products, pesticides, synthetic surfactants, etc.) and inorganic (heavy metals, nitrates, phosphates, etc.) substances. Reducing environmental damage can be achieved by finding optimal ways to treat wastewater and reuse it. The most effective ways to remove pollutants from aquatic environments are chemical, physical and biological methods. The use of chemical reagents causes secondary water pollution, and the use of physical methods is limited by their high cost
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