Abstract
The rapid increase in the number of cars has caused many problems such as “cruising for parking” and “parking illegally”. Demand-driven dynamic parking pricing mechanism is an effective method to dynamically regulate parking demand, thus reducing the parking problems. In this research, we conducted a large number of on-street parking surveys in the business districts in Beijing. A parking location choice model and the decision rules for cruising process were established. The multi-agent based on-street parking simulation was constructed to explore the effect of time-varying parking price on parking demand. It is concluded that demand-driven dynamic parking pricing can effectively regulate the distribution of parking demand and make the utilization of parking facilities into the desirable range in the business districts. Lower desirable range and higher price change for the price adjustment can cause larger fluctuations of parking demand, less time intervals within the desirable range and more price adjustment times. Higher desirable range and higher price change can bring longer cruising and driving time and lower driving speed. Considering the effectiveness and the operating costs of the pricing schemes, it is recommended that the suitable desirable rang for parking occupancy rate is 60%~80% and price change is 2 Yuan/hour. The threshold of price adjustment can be set according to the scale of the regional road network. The proposed dynamic parking pricing strategy can balance the distribution of parking demand and then reduce the parking and traffic problems. The research conclusions can also give references for the formulation of dynamic parking pricing strategies.
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