Analysis of the Effect of Air Hole Diameter and Lattice Pitch in Optical Properties for Hexagonal Photonic Crystal Fiber

Sagor Biswas,Md Abdullah Al-Amin,Sabbir Alam,Ragib Shakil Rafi

doi:10.4236/opj.2015.57022

Abstract

We have investigated the different optical properties such as confinement loss, waveguide dispersion of a five rings hexagonal photonic crystal fiber under varied air hole diameter (d), lattice pitch (Λ), and air hole diameter to lattice pitch ratio for three different materials fused quartz glass, borosilicate glass and sapphire glass. We observed low confinement loss and high negative dispersion at higher d/Λ. Achieving high d/Λ can be done in two ways: increasing the air hole diameter or decreasing the lattice pitch. It has been observed, increasing the air hole diameter has significant effect over reducing lattice pitch in achieving low confinement loss. On the other hand, decreasing the lattice pitch over increasing the air hole diameter has significant effect in achieving high negative dispersion. It has also been found that, effective refractive index (neff) decreases significantly when lattice pitch decreases.

Highlights

Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) is a new class of fiber gaining much attention to the researchers due to its design flexibility and wide application areas [1]-[4]
We have created different layout of hexagonal photonic crystal fiber based on different air hole diameter and lattice pitch
We have studied the optical parameters like confinement loss and waveguide dispersion by varying the structure of PCFs

Summary

Introduction

Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) is a new class of fiber gaining much attention to the researchers due to its design flexibility and wide application areas [1]-[4]. PCFs are being used to make optical oscillators, amplifiers and fiber lasers. In photonic crystal fiber, many air holes are arranged in a periodic manner that gives them a crystal like structure. By changing the internal air hole arrangement and their diameter, new types of PCFs are being produced for different application areas [5]. Photonic crystal fiber shows optical properties like high nonlinearity, high negative dispersion, low confinement loss etc. Air hole diameter (d) and lattice pitch (Λ) are two very important factors of designing PCF. In achieving the high negative dispersion or low con-

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