Designing and simulation of two different geometry photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and comparison of their optical parameters

Abstract

This paper draws the comparison between two different geometry designed PCFs and compares the optical parameters like confinement loss, dispersion, birefringence, non linearity and effective area. The two structures are 3rings Hexagonal PCF and Circular PCF. Comsol Multiphysics 5.6 software is used to model them and the physics used for the simulation is the electromagnetic waves frequency domain. The propagation constant and propagating mode are computed using mode analysis. The study of the parametric sweep has been used to find the wavelength mode. Air is used as the material for holes and silica glass of refractive index 1.46 is used for cladding. For both the structures, the diameter of air holes and lattice pitch is kept the same and the same wavelength 1.55µm is used for simulating various properties. From the simulation results, it is found that hexagonal PCF provides -1.08e−5 dB/km and circular PCF provides -2.18e−12 dB/km confinement loss. Hexagonal PCF provides 6.0720e−12 m2 effective area while circular PCF offers a low effective area of 9.149e−12 m2 because of the air holes present. The birefringence was investigated for hexagonal and circular PCF and was found to be 0.015 and 0.016 respectively. Nonlinearity in the case of hexagonal PCF has a value of 9.36368e−12 W−1km−1 and that for circular PCF has 6.1919e−11 W−1km−1.