Abstract
Eugenia klotzschiana Berg is a native fruit of the cerrado, belonging to the Myrtaceae family, known as the cerrado pear and very little explored. The present study's objective was to obtain the profile of the fixed and volatile chemical constituents of the fruit. Mass spectrometry with ambient ionization paper spray (PS-MS) was used in positive and negative mode for fixed compounds. For volatiles, solid-phase microextraction by head space and gas chromatography was employed. The PS-MS identified 31 compounds, 21 in the negative and 10 in the positive mode, including fatty acids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins and sugars. The solid-phase microextraction method was used in head space mode, using the polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene fiber to extract volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The volatiles detected totaled 11 substances, belonging to the class of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and esters. PS-MS was capable and efficient in determining the fixed compounds present in the cerrado pear pulp, providing the chemical profile of the fruit, which contains essential compounds with potential antioxidant bioactivity. The volatile profile was obtained with success, indicating menthol, fruity and vanilla notes in the pulp of the cerrado pear.
Highlights
The cerrado is one of the largest Brazilian biomes
Its climatic characteristics differ from other savanna regions due to its precipitation conditions, of approximately 800-2000 mm, in the dry season (April-September), annual temperature ranging between 18 and 28°C and acid pH soil (Rufino et al, 2010). Due to these edaphoclimatic characteristics, different metabolic routes can be activated and interfere with the species compounds, such as polyphenols. They have their synthesis enhanced as a protection mechanism when plants are exposed to environments with low humidity, high exposure to light and solar radiation, and high temperatures, such as in the cerrado (Rufino et al, 2010; Silva, Freitas, et al, 2019)
PS has been applied to different materials and made it possible to detect drugs of abuse, pesticides, food contaminants, and fraud (Pereira, Amador, Sena, Augusti, & Piccin, 2016)
Summary
The cerrado is one of the largest Brazilian biomes. Its climatic characteristics differ from other savanna regions due to its precipitation conditions, of approximately 800-2000 mm, in the dry season (April-September), annual temperature ranging between 18 and 28°C and acid pH soil (Rufino et al, 2010). Due to these edaphoclimatic characteristics, different metabolic routes can be activated and interfere with the species compounds, such as polyphenols They have their synthesis enhanced as a protection mechanism when plants are exposed to environments with low humidity, high exposure to light and solar radiation, and high temperatures, such as in the cerrado (Rufino et al, 2010; Silva, Freitas, et al, 2019). VOCs must be extracted from the sample matrix to be identified and quantified to identify the fruit volatile profile To this end, techniques were developed from the beginning, when they still included the use of solvents and very laborious execution (Bianchin, 2015). The present study proposes the characterization of the chemical profile of fixed constituents present in the cerrado pear using mass spectrometry with PS ionization and their identification, and characterization of the volatile chemical compounds profile in the fruit pulp
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