Abstract
The TabZIP15 gene encoding a 396 amino acid (aa) polypeptide in the fungus Trichoderma asperellum ACCC30536 was cloned and characterised. The protein includes a basic region motif (NR-x2-QR-x2-R) and has a pillar-like structure. The 25 basic region/leucine zipper transcription factors (TFs) identified in the T. asperellum genome were divided into YAP (14 TFs), ATF2 (5), GCN4 (2), Zip1 (2), BRLZ (1) and u1 (1) subfamilies based on conserved domains. T. asperellum was cultured in minimal media (MM) control, C-Hungry and N-Hungry medium (to simulate nutrient competition and interaction with pathogens, respectively), and differential expression analysis showed that 14 TabZIP genes (including TabZIP15) were significantly altered under both conditions; TabZIP23 responded strongly to N-Hungry media and TabZIP24 responded strongly to C-Hungry media. However, only YAP genes TabZIP15, TabZIP12 and TabZIP2 were significantly upregulated under both conditions, and expression levels of TabZIP15 were highest. T. asperellum was also cultured in the presence of five fungal pathogenic toxins, and RT-qPCR results showed that TabZIP15 was significantly upregulated in four of the five toxin stress conditions (MM + Rhizoctonia solani, MM + Fusarium oxysporum, MM + Alternaria alternata and MM + Cytospora chrysosperma).
Highlights
Members of the fungal genus Trichoderma are important biological control agents, and their biological control mechanisms have been investigated in detail[1,2,3]
TabZIP transcription factors (TFs) genes in T. asperellum are distributed on scaffold 1 to scaffold 41, and some chromosomes have more than one TabZIP TF gene
25 TabZIP TFs were identified in T. asperellum, and multiple sequence alignment revealed relatively low sequence similarity
Summary
Members of the fungal genus Trichoderma are important biological control agents, and their biological control mechanisms have been investigated in detail[1,2,3]. In Aspergillus spp., bZIP TFs including AtfA, NapA, AflR, RsmA and Apyap[1] have been demonstrated to be the key factors responding to oxidative, osmotic, environmental and drug s tresses[10,11,12,13] In other fungi, such as Botrytis cinerea, Neurospora crassa, Fusarium graminearum and Magnaporthe oryzae, bZIP TFs are known to be involved in responding to oxidative stress and pathogenicity[14,15]. These findings suggest that bZIP TFs play an important role in stress responses in several. To better understand the detoxification mechanism of Trichoderma that is triggered in response to phytopathogen toxins, the roles of bZIP TFs should be investigated under different stress conditions. The results provide theoretical support for the analysis and development of TFs from T. asperellum
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