Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the test and simulation of the equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) of a commercial Al 6061-T6 alloy previously extruded. Special emphasis is given to the analysis and comparison of the simulated values and distribution of equivalent plastic strain with those calculated with analytical models across the height of the middle section of the deformed billet. The results reveal the limitations of the analytical models when the effects of the inner die corner and curvature of the outer wall on the material response during the test are considered for the ECAE device used in this work. Specifically, in the simulations performed in this work, the plastic deformation zone, far from being uniform, extends along with the height of the billet where, in particular, near the inner wall over the inlet and outlet channels, even in the central region of the billet, the equivalent plastic strain is not homogeneous or discontinuous, varying mainly due to the effect of the curvature of the outer channel.
Highlights
The procedure to obtain alloys with ultrafine grains (UFG) through severe plastic deformations (SPD) includes any process that, subjecting a material to high stress, gives it a large plastic deformation without a significant change to its dimensions [1,2]
In the equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE), a punch exerts a force on a billet that flows through a channel with a constant section along its length while it is deformed in a region called the plastic deformation zone (PDZ) without changing its cross-sectional shape (Figure 1)
The prediction and/or a determination of the degree and distribution of the plastic deformation imposed on a material is a crucial factor to obtain an alloy with UFG, as it is the driving force for the microstructural changes in alloys deformed by SPD
Summary
The procedure to obtain alloys with ultrafine grains (UFG) through severe plastic deformations (SPD) includes any process that, subjecting a material to high stress (generally hydrostatic pressure), gives it a large plastic deformation without a significant change to its dimensions [1,2]. In the ECAE, a punch exerts a force on a billet that flows through a channel with a constant section along its length while it is deformed in a region called the plastic deformation zone (PDZ) without changing its cross-sectional shape (Figure 1). The prediction and/or a determination of the degree and distribution of the plastic deformation imposed on a material is a crucial factor to obtain an alloy with UFG, as it is the driving force for the microstructural changes in alloys deformed by SPD (granular fragmentation). It is crucial to be able to describe and determine the strain developed in the ECAE of a material with a given previous state and condition, and for an ECAE device with arbitrary geometry
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