Abstract
This work aimed to clarify the interaction between the fetus and pregnant patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the lipid metabolomics analysis of the fetal umbilical cord blood of GDM patients and normal pregnant women were performed to screen out the specific lipid metabolites for pathogenesis of GDM. From 2019–2020, 21 patients with GDM and 22 normal pregnant women were enrolled in Hexian Memorial Hospital, Panyu District, Guangzhou. The general information such as weight, height, age, body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy were analyzed. Non-targeted metabonomic detection and analysis were performed in umbilical cord plasma using LC-MS method. The age, BMI, delivery methods, and infant weight were different between GDM and control. There were 167 lipid metabolites in umbilical cord blood associated with GDM. Among them, 158 upregulated and 9 downregulated in GDM. There were 13 dysregulated metabolites with C < 30, including Lyso-phosphatidyl-colines LPC 16:0, 18:2, 18:1, 18:0, 20:4 and 22:6, glycerophosphocholines PC O-16:1, oleoylcarnitine CAR 18:2 and 18:1, dihexosylceramides Hex2Cer 13:0;2O, phosphatidylethanolamine PE O-22:6_2:0 and PE O-22:6_3:0 and sphingomyelin SM 8:0; 2O/11:0. Those metabolites were associated with glycerophospholipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism. Therefore, Lyso-phosphatidyl-colines, glycerophosphocholines, oleoylcarnitine, dihexosylceramides, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin were main lipid metabolites of GDM, which might be used for diagnosis and treatment of GDM.
Highlights
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that occurs or is discovered during pregnancy in women without a history of diabetes
Our study identified 13 lipid metabolites (C < 30) associated with GDM in umbilical cord blood, which can be divided into six categories including lysophosphatidylcolines, glycerophosphocholine, oleoyl carnitine, dihexylceramides, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin
Consistent to our results, it was reported that the metabolic spectrum of lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and other lipids in GDM patients have changed (Furse et al, 2019)
Summary
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that occurs or is discovered during pregnancy in women without a history of diabetes. It is a special type of diabetes mellitus (American Diabetes Association, 2019). GDM has a high incidence rate of 17.8% in pregnant women (Sacks et al, 2012), which may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (Song et al, 2018). GDM has been found to be associated with the incidence of diabetes in children and youth. In the offspring of GDM mothers, the incidence rate of diabetes increased significantly from childhood to adolescence compared with offspring of healthy mothers (Blotsky et al, 2019). Studies have shown that fetal gender (Jaskolka et al, 2015) and fetal gene (Petry et al, 2011)
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