Analysis of Serum Fatty Acids Profile in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Adriana Mika,Lukasz P Halinski,Paulina Woloszyk,Michal Chmielewski,Alicja Debska-Slizien,Sylwia Malgorzewicz,Jolanta Dardzinska,Tomasz Sledzinski

doi:10.3390/nu13030805

Abstract

Patients with end-stage kidney disease, treated with renal transplantation, are at increased risk of cardio-vascular disease (CVD) and cardio-vascular mortality. They are also characterized by an atherogenic dyslipidemia. Alterations of the fatty acids (FA) profile contribute to increased cardio-vascular risk in the general population. In the current study we test the hypothesis that kidney transplantation is associated with ab-normalities in FA profile. FA profile was analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in 198 renal transplant recipients, and 48 control subjects. The most profound differences between renal transplant patients and controls were related to the content of branched chain FA, monounsaturated FA, and n-6 polyunsaturated FA, respectively. The FA profile significantly separated the patients from the controls in the principal component analysis (PCA). The abnormalities of FA profile showed a tendency for normalization in long-term kidney recipients, as compared to patients with recent transplants. The n-3 PUFA content demonstrated a strong inverse association with the presence of inflammation. Most profound alterations of the FA profile were observed in patients with impaired graft function (glomerular filtration rate < 45 mL/min). The study demonstrated significant disorders of the FA profile in kidney transplant recipients, that might contribute to cardio-vascular risk in this vulnerable patient population.

Highlights

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a fairly common condition with a prevalence of5–15% of the general population [1,2]
Numerous significant differences were observed between kidney transplant patients and healthy controls (HC) regarding profile of fatty acids (FA) in serum (Table 2)
(with the exception of palmitic acid (16:0) that was higher in Tx patients) and very long chain FA, fatty acids containing twenty or more carbon atoms (VLCFA), some representatives of odd chain fatty acid (OCFA), almost all iso and anteiso branched chain fatty acids (BCFA), cyclopropaneoctanoic acid 2-hexyl (CPOA2H), and almost all polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFA without docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3; DHA), docosapentaenoic acid

Summary

Introduction

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a fairly common condition with a prevalence of5–15% of the general population [1,2]. Patients with CKD are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiovascular complications [3]. This risk is known to increase with CKD progression. CVD is heavily dependent on lipid disturbances. The most prevalent lipid disorders in CKD include increased concentration of triglycerides, and low level of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol, two acknowledged risk factors for CVD in the general population. These lipid fractions are disturbed in the course of CKD

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Conclusion