Analysis of sea waves energy resources in the Baltic Sea and technical possibilities of their usage for energy generation in Poland

Abstract

Due to the current ecological situation in the world, the demand for renewable energy is growing. Its use does not burden the environment because resources are renewed in a short time, unlike traditional fuels - coal or oil. It can be concluded that the main task of humanity is to choose the appropriate technology for obtaining renewable energy and adapt it to local conditions. The aim of the work is to present the technical, economic and environmental potential of using the wave energy of the Baltic Sea and the possibility of converting this energy into electricity. The theoretical and technical potential of sea wave energy that Poland could use was estimated. The most advanced methods of converting wave energy into electricity were presented, and the most promising technical solutions were selected for use in the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone and off the coast of our country. The selection of the most promising technologies - single and combined wave energy converters was based on reports on the operation of the first experimental wave power plants and wave converters operating in other waters. In terms of technology and economics, obtaining energy from sea waves is much more difficult than using solar or wind energy. However, along with the development of offshore wind farms and access to the infrastructure of the National Power System and the need to give up traditional, emission-related energy sources, wave power plants may have a chance for development in the Polish energy sector. It is an untapped source of renewable energy with great energy potential.