Abstract
BackgroundSalmonella is a very important foodborne pathogen causing illness in humans. The emergence of drug-resistant strains also constitutes a serious worry to global health and livestock productivity. This study investigated Salmonella isolates from chicken and chicken meat products using the phenotypic antimicrobial screening as well as the molecular characteristics of Salmonella isolates. Upon serotyping of the isolates, the antimicrobial susceptibility profiling using a panel of 9 commonly used antimicrobials was done. Subsequently, the molecular profiles of all the isolates were further determined using Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and the Whole Genome Multi-Locus Sequence Type (wgMLST) analysis in order to obtain the sequence types.ResultsThe PFGE data was input into FPQuest software, and the dendrogram generated was studied for possible genetic relatedness among the isolates. All the isolates were found to belong to the Salmonella Enteritidis serotype with notable resistance to tetracycline, gentamycin, streptomycin, and sulfadimidine. The S. Enteritidis isolates tested predominantly subtyped into the ST11 and ST1925, which was found to be a single cell variant of ST11. The STs were found to occur in chicken meats, foods, and live chicken cloacal swabs, which may indicate the persistence of the bacteria in multiple foci.ConclusionThe data demonstrate the presence of S. Enteritidis among chickens, indicating its preference and reservoir status for enteric Salmonella pathogens.
Highlights
Salmonella is a very important foodborne pathogen causing illness in humans
Based on the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance pattern of the isolates against the nine (9) different antimicrobial drugs, 27 (57.45%) of the isolates were found to show resistance to 1 or more antimicrobials tested (Table 1)
It is recommended that a good index should be greater than 0.95 [18, 19]. This investigation was undertaken to examine Salmonella isolates from foods sold at restaurants, chicken meats sold at supermarkets and wet night market in the central region of Peninsular Malaysia, as well as samples from live chickens from selected poultry farms located within the central region of Peninsular Malaysia in order to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility and the genetic relatedness of the Salmonella pathogen
Summary
Salmonella is a very important foodborne pathogen causing illness in humans. The emergence of drug-resistant strains constitutes a serious worry to global health and livestock productivity. This study investigated Salmonella isolates from chicken and chicken meat products using the phenotypic antimicrobial screening as well as the molecular characteristics of Salmonella isolates. The continuous emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of non-typhoidal Salmonella constitutes a serious health hazard globally [1,2,3,4]. S. Enteritidis is one of the most common causes of foodborne infection in humans [6]. Enteritidis is attributed to the unique ability of this serotype to contaminate chicken egg and meat without any discernible illness to the chickens [8]. Enteritidis from among various food materials of poultry origin [9]
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