Analysis of rugae pattern morphology and their comparative differences in a Jazan population sample

Abstract

Background: Palatal rugoscopy offers an excellent, reliable, and economical method for forensic identification in natural disasters or any other case that involves unknown remains where the death toll is extremely high. Their protective location, early complete development, stability, and singularness for each individual make this analysis of forensic useful. Objectives: The objective is to study the predominant rugae pattern among the Jazan population sample and to analyze the morphological differences in the number, types, size, and contour of various palatal rugae both intraindividual (within an individual) and interindividual (between individuals). Materials and Methods: A total of 110 patients (55 males and 55 females) in the age group of 20–35 years representing a pure ethnic Saudi population were selected based on a criterion of having an ideal natural dentition. Maxillary study models for all subjects were made from maxillary impressions. The rugae pattern recorded on cast was compared with intraoral high-magnification photographs for consistency and verification. Different types and orientation (to mid-palatine raphe) of rugae were then evaluated for the number, size, type, and contour (direction). Mean, standard deviation, and frequencies were calculated as the percentages of each type of rugae. Statistical analysis was done by using two-sample t-test and Chi-square tests at a significance level of 5%. Results: No differences in rugae pattern and rugae orientation was found between sexes, however, both pattern and direction differed in Saudi population when compared with other studies done on other population. Conclusion: The study concludes that no sexual dimorphism exists in rugae pattern and their orientation between male and female patients among the Saudi population.