Abstract
Initially, timber was considered only as an easily accessible and processable material in nature; however, its excellent properties have since become better understood. During the discovery of new building materials and thanks to new technological development processes, industrial processing technologies and gradually drastically decreasing forest areas, wood has become an increasingly neglected material. Load-bearing structures are made mostly of reinforced concrete or steel elements. However, ecological changes, the obvious problems associated with environmental pollution and climate change, are drawing increasing attention to the importance of environmental awareness. These factors are attracting increased attention to wood as a building material. The increased demand for timber as a building material offers the possibility of improving its mechanical and physical properties, and so new wood-based composite materials or new joints of timber structures are being developed to ensure a better load capacity and stiffness of the structure. Therefore, this article deals with the improvement of the frame connection of the timber frame column and a diaphragm beam using mechanical fasteners. In common practice, bolts or a combination of bolts and pins are used for this type of connection. The subject of the research and its motivation was to replace these commonly used fasteners with more modern ones to shorten and simplify the assembly time and to improve the load capacity and rigidity of this type of frame connection.
Highlights
Wood is a material with highly variable properties [1] and is the only renewable material that is born in nature and disappears without negative consequences for the environment; it can be used in construction for the implementation of all load-bearing structures
The research required the creation of numerical models, which were subsequently verified by experimental testing
Experimental testing is the most concise way to verify the structural details of timber and other constructions
Summary
Wood is a material with highly variable properties [1] and is the only renewable material that is born in nature and disappears without negative consequences for the environment; it can be used in construction for the implementation of all load-bearing structures. The soil, climate, altitude, the time of the year in which the tree was cut and, last but not least, the subsequent method and quality of processing have a major impact on the characteristics of timber. The timber exhibits different physical and mechanical properties in mutually perpendicular directions. This means that the characteristics observed parallel to the fibers are different from the properties observed perpendicular to the fibers. Timber has the greatest strength and stiffness and the least deformation due to moisture and temperature in the direction parallel to fibers. The mechanical properties of timber reduce its ability to withstand external loads.
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