Abstract
Existing works on the interdependent system have come to fruition based on the percolation theory and revealed that it possesses the great vulnerability due to the essential interdependency. However, how to effectively recover the performance of the interdependent system after cascading failures is still under research. In this article, we define an interdependent mechatronic system as an interdependent machine-electricity-communication network. By considering the behavior of the real-world system, we put forward an extended cascading failure model in which the non-giant component is also functional when its size proportion is not smaller than the proportion threshold $\delta $ and it has the interdependent links from the other two subnetworks. Then, according to the measures of a node (i.e., single measures), the interdependent measures are proposed and the repair strategies are obtained by these measures to determine the order of repaired nodes. In order to accurately reflect the resilience in the interdependent mechatronic system, we adopt three metrics to quantify it, i.e., the change of the robustness, the recovery ability, and the critical number of repaired nodes. Finally, we study the relationship between $\delta $ and the robustness, and apply different repair strategies to the analysis of the resilience in a real mechatronic system. The experiments show that the non-giant component plays a key role in the robustness and the resilience is affected by $\delta $ when a few nodes fail to work. In addition, we obtain the optimal repair strategy from different aspects of the resilience. A striking finding is that in most instances, the repair strategies concerning the interdependent measures lead to the higher resilience compared with the ones concerning the single measures. Our work may provide insights to make a plan for repairing equipment so as to enhance the resilience of the interdependent mechatronic system.
Highlights
With the development of engineering, infrastructure systems increasingly rely on each other to satisfy the demand for a certain function, which results in an increased interaction between these systems
The malfunction of equipment randomly occurs in most cases, we quantify the robustness of interdependent machineelectricity-communication network (IMECN) by randomly removing a node and all its edges at each simulation step when t ≤ ts
Since the attack has a serious impact on the robustness of IMECN, our aim is to adopt a reasonable order to effectively repair failed nodes in the remaining part, where the resilience is reflected by the recovery of R(t), rc, and RA
Summary
With the development of engineering, infrastructure systems increasingly rely on each other to satisfy the demand for a certain function, which results in an increased interaction between these systems. For this reason, failures of one or more nodes may cause an extremely negative effect on the operations of the subsystem and the entire system. A classic example is the large-scale blackout that took place in Italy in 2003 [1] This event was triggered by a malfunction of one power station so that several servers shut off, which further made other servers inactive. Due to the serious impact, the cascading failure in the interdependent network has received a lot of attention
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