Analysis of PV Module Power Loss and Cell Crack Effects Due to Accelerated Aging Tests and Field Exposure

Abstract

This study compared module power loss for 36 modules that endured various accelerated aging test sequences before installation outdoors on a 10-kWp array in Birmingham, AL, USA for 1.72 to 2.72 years. Twelve modules endured standard IEC 61215 aging tests and 24 endured Qualification Plus (Qual Plus). Modules in each group were further split into two test sequences with different exposures. Electrical parameter variations were analyzed as a function of aging test and field exposure history. Fill factor loss was determined to be the cause of observed decreases in power output during accelerated aging tests, while decreases in both open circuit voltage and fill factor dominated the power loss during subsequent on-sun testing. Quantified cell crack features were extracted via computer vision tools from electroluminescence images and correlated with power loss. Results illustrate that standard aging tests led to negligible cracks, while Qual Plus test sequences yielded more severe cracks. While correlating results from qualification tests with in-field performance degradation parameters remains a challenge, this study provides new insights on specific environmental stressors and crack features that may play a role in power loss. Insights on accelerated aging protocols are discussed.