Abstract
Background: Calculus accumulation varies widely between individuals. Dental calculus has been associated with the principal periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze individual characteristics, and salivary and microbiological parameters among patients considered to be rapid calculus formers and patients who form calculus slowly. Methods: Individual characteristics were recorded in a sample of 74 patients (age, sex, smoking, periodontal diagnosis, and dental crowding), as well as salivary parameters (unstimulated saliva flow, pH, and biochemical analysis of saliva) and microbiological parameters (by means of semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis). Results: A statistically significant association (p = 0.002) was found between the rate of calculus formation and the diagnosis of periodontal disease. A greater presence of dental crowding was observed among the group of rapid calculus formers. Urea and phosphorus levels were higher among rapid calculus formers. Regarding microbiological parameters, differences were found in Streptococcus mutans, this being higher in the group of slow formers. Conclusions: Rapid calculus formation appears to be linked to patients diagnosed with more severe periodontal diseases. Rapid calculus-forming patients present more dental crowding and a lower proportion of S. mutans.
Highlights
The main periodontal diseases, gingivitis and periodontitis, have been associated with the accumulation of dental calculus
The complete sample was divided into two groups according to the speed of calculus formation (Figure 14). .Res(uFlitgsuTrhee1)c.omplete sample was divided into two groups according to the speed of calculus formation
Analysis of the data obtained in the present study shows that periodontal diagnosis, dental crowding, levels of urea and phosphorus, and the presence of S. mutans bacteria are factors significantly related to the speed of calculus formation exhibited by an individual subject
Summary
The main periodontal diseases, gingivitis and periodontitis, have been associated with the accumulation of dental calculus. Dental calculus is the consequence of the mineralization of bacterial plaque It constitutes a major oral health problem as it increases the accumulation of plaque and bacterial toxins and impedes their adequate elimination due to surface roughness. This presents an obstacle to effective hygiene maintenance, which in turn facilitates further plaque formation [2]. Results: A statistically significant association (p = 0.002) was found between the rate of calculus formation and the diagnosis of periodontal disease. Conclusions: Rapid calculus formation appears to be linked to patients diagnosed with more severe periodontal diseases. Rapid calculus-forming patients present more dental crowding and a lower proportion of S. mutans
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