Abstract
The intensive development of genetics at the molecular level has now opened up the possibility for breeders to identify and study genes that are directly or indirectly related to desirable economically useful traits. The purpose of the research was to identify desirable genotypes in the breeding of Kazakh White-Headed cattle based on the genes-markers of meat productivity of calpain (CAPN1) and somatotropin (GH) for use in breeding to increase meat productivity and beef quality. Experimental researches have been carried out on steers of the Kazakh White-Headed breed on the basis of the APC collective farm “Gigant” in the Blagodarnensky district in the Stavropol Territory. Analysis of growth and development indicators of calves has shown that the value of live weight and average daily gains was higher in calves carrying the C allele at calpain gene locus and V allele at somatotropin gene locus. Dominant alleles C and V in the homozygous state characterize the desired genotype of calves. During weaning the studied indicators were higher with a diff erence on average up to 13,0 % in young animals of homozygous genotypes (CC and VV). The largest number of muscle fi bers has been observed in steers with the desired CC and VV genotypes. They outperformed their herdmates with GG genotype by 36,82 pcs/мм² or 19,7 % in calpain gene group (CAPN1) by 55,7 pcs/мм² or 31,4 % in somatotropin gene group (GH), respectively. The diameter of muscle fibers in carcasses with the desired genotype was less by 4,23 microns or 11,9 %, and by 6,82 microns or 16,8 %. The meat of steers with homozygous CC and VV alleles according to the studied genes differed from the meat of animals with GG and LL genotypes by 12,6 % in calpain gene (CAPN1) and 15,1 % in somatotropin gene (GH). The connective tissue content was higher in animals with the undesirable type of G and L alleles than in animals of the desired genotype, by 2,13 and 3,34 abs. percent’s. The area of the eye of loin in animals of desired VV genotype of somatotropin cluster (GH) was higher than in animals of CC genotype of calpain cluster (CAPN1) by 4,84 cм² or 10,1 %.
Published Version
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