Analysis of pathogen characteristics and related factors of nosocomial infection in adult ICU patients after cardiac surgery

Abstract

Objective To explore the pathogen characteristics and related factors of nosocomial infection in adult ICU patients after cardiac surgery, and provide a basis for the rational and standardized use of antibiotics and the control of nosocomial infection. Methods Patients in ICU after adult cardiac surgery from January 2015 to December 2017 were studied.Through the nosocomial infection monitoring and reporting system(HIS and LIS system), data of infected sites, specimens, pathogen and drug-sensitivity results were recorded, and the clinical data were collected and the related factors of nosocomial infection after cardiac surgery were analyzed. Results 213 patients with nosocomial infections were diagnosed, and the nosocomial infection rate was 3.59%. There were 261 cases of nosocomial infection, with a total infection cases rate of 4.39%. 232 strains of pathogen were detected. Gram-negative bacteria173 strains(74.57%), klebsiella pneumoniae and acinetobacterbaumannii account for 65(28.07%) and 37(15.95%)strains respectively. 35 strains of gram-positive bacteria account for 15.08%, 12 strains of staphylococcus aureus account for 5.17%. 24 strains of fungi account for 10.34%, 12 strains of candida albicans(5.17%) were the most. The resistance rates of klebsiella pneumoniae to amoxicillin/kclavitrate, piperasil/tazobatan, tigacycline, tobramycin, and impenan were all 48 h, and postoperative ICU stay>72 h were related factors of postoperative nosocomial infection. Conclusion The main pathogen of nosocomial infection in ICU after adult cardiac surgery is gram-negative bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae, the most common bacteria, has a low resistance rate to antibiotics, while the secondary acinetobacter baumannii has a high resistance rate. According to the factors related to nosocomial infection after cardiac surgery, prevention measures should be formulated. According to the results of pathogen and drug sensitivity, antimicrobial drugs should be selected reasonably so as to postoperative nosocomial infection and the occurrence of drug-resistant strains could be controlled effectively. Key words: Cardiac surgery; Care unit; Nosocomial infection; Pathogen; Drug resistance